The anti-political machine” by James Ferguson, political and economic anthropologist, is an analysis of the failure of financial aid from more than 26 countries in the Lesotho, a small landlocked nation of 1.8 million people surrounded by South Africa. The author positions two major criticisms; First, Lesotho is not of great economic or strategic importance. Second, the history of development projects in Lesotho indicates that Lesotho cannot maintain its economy and political stability through foreign development programs. The author refers to development agencies. He says these agencies are persuaded to come up with standardized improvement programs in order to free up the money they need to spend. Therefore, they target developing countries like Lesotho, whose profile has little or no relation to economic and social realities for such development programs. The author explains this with the example of the World Bank which targets Lesotho for granting loans and shows an unrealistic image of this country to justify its loans. The World Bank presents Lesotho as a subsistence agricultural society isolated from the market. It also notes that the decline in agricultural surplus is due to the migration of many Basotho to South Africa for work. The World Bank's statements turn out to be false, as experts say. Firstly, Lesotho is not a subsistence country but a twentieth producer country for the South African market. Additionally, the Basotho knew how to sell their products when faced with a surplus. Second, the decline of agricultural reserves has little to do with isolation and migration according to H. Ashton, the most famous and respected Western ethnographer of the Basuto, who distinguished this medium of paper. ... ..the miners return from South Africa to Lesotho, they try to buy oxen and other animals rather than taking money with them, because if they bring money with they, their wives could then ask them to buy new dresses, furniture and other items for the house. An additional reason to maintain and increase livestock is associated with the prestige it brings to the community. In conclusion, the author questions the role of any development, in any form, in reforming the situation in Lesotho, mainly because it is vague as to who should participate in development projects and what plans should be prioritized as the most effective and efficient for the overall well-being of the nation. He then concludes that everyone, including the government, should be included in development programs to maximize their effectiveness. However, he analyzes the situation as ambiguous.