Typically, textbooks, articles and essays talk about American "occupation", "supervision" or "intervention" in the Philippines. They seem to be afraid to use the word “colonization”. According to Webster's dictionary, the definition of colonization is: "The colonial system of political government or extension of territory, by which one nation exercises political control over another nation, territory or people, now the colony in a state of dependence, neither its inhabitants. enjoying the same full rights as those of the colonial power. The power of control is generally thus extended by military force or the threat of force” (6). In his book analyzing Japanese assimilation policies in colonial Korea, Mark Caprio distinguishes between two different "levels" of colonialism: external and internal. He argues that external colonization is what Hannah Arendt calls “overseas imperialism…where their indirect policies made minimal effort to forge political, social, or cultural ties with the peoples under their jurisdiction” (2). Although this is the way the French colonized, the United States seems to be adopting the British way of colonizing, which is Caprio's second level of colonization or internal colonization. This is what Benedict Anderson describes as “inventing nations” (Caprio 2). This requires the colonial power to send ambassadors to impress its culture in the colony by controlling things such as dialect, media, education, and the military (Caprio 2). Caprio also mentions: “The decision to colonize, as well as the administration to administer the colonized, was based primarily on the needs and interests of the subject of the colonizer; those of the colonized object received only minimal consideration” (2). Therefore, a colony serves... middle of paper ......the United States failed to view the Philippines as a free nation and failed to grant equal rights to the Filipinos, treating them like a colony. Therefore, the United States colonized the Philippines. It took the Philippines, through military force, a three-year war. He did this not for altruistic reasons, but for his own commercial and nationalist interests. He "exercised political control" over the Philippines by ignoring the Philippine Republic and its representative in the Treaty of Paris, sending his own people to govern the Philippines, and overseeing the creation of the future government of the Philippines. Finally, the United States failed to provide equal rights to the Filipinos by ignoring the Philippine government and representative when signing the Treaty of Paris, having racial bias in its dealings with the Filipinos, and excluding Filipinos from the right to the Monroe Doctrine..