The renal system consists of two kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. the kidneys regulate circulating fluids in the body such as electrolytes, hormones, and also eliminate fluids (ATI. 628). Acute renal failure is the leading cause of death in hospitalized patients and more than half of them are due to an iatrogenic cause (ATI 629). Acute renal failure is classified into prerenal, internal and post-acute renal failure. Prerenal is the most common, leading to hypofusion and ischemia. Common causes of AKI are hemorrhage, cardiac dysrhythmias, anaphylaxis, dehydration, and embolism (Rosdal). We speak of intrarenal when damage is caused inside the kidney and is generally irreversible. glomerulonephritis, nephrotic toxicity and acute tubular nephrosis are some examples of intra-renal risk factors. Post-renal is the obstruction of structures exiting the kidneys such as kidney stones, urinary tract obstruction and spinal cord disease. ARF occurs when blood flow through the kidneys is significantly compromised and cannot filter blood properly. there are four phases of acute kidney failure :...