Pathology, epidemiology and etiology of bronchiectasis (Nhs.uk.2014). The extent of the disease can vary greatly – it may be one enlarged and abnormal section of the airway or multiple airways – usually somewhere in between these extremes. The enlarged parts of the airways become damaged and inflamed, causing excess mucus to form that is less easily cleared. Additionally, these parts of the airway are weaker and more likely to collapse inward, which can affect airflow through the affected airway. The severity depends on the number of airways affected (Patient.co.uk. 2014). Patients with bronchiectasis have a chronic cough and excessive sputum production, and infections due to bacteria develop in them, leading to loss of lung function (O'Donnell 2008). In the UK, around one in a thousand people have bronchiectasis (Patient.co.uk. 2014). A recent statistical analysis showed that the mortality rate from bronchiectasis in England and Wales is increasing by 3% per year and just under a thousand people die from it each year (Roberts and Hubbard, 2010 ). Where the number of deaths increases in older groups and decreases in younger groups. Figure 1 (WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2013) illustrates the concern over bronchiectasis in European countries, particularly in the United Kingdom. Bronchiectasis is now recognized more and more frequently throughout the world. These mortality rates may underestimate the burden of the disease, as lack of knowledge about the disease can lead to underreporting. These data are mortality rates and not incidence data; therefore, bronchiectasis remains a significant concern where...... middle of paper ......m. Respirology, 8 (2), pp. 181-5.Shoemark, A., Ozerovitch, L. and Wilson, R.Shoemark, A., Ozerovitch, L. and Wilson, R. 2007. Etiology in adult patients with bronchiectasis. Epub, 101 (6), pp. 1163-70. Subotic, D. and Lardinois, D. Subotic, D. and Lardinois, D. 2013. Chapter 9. Surgical treatment of bronchiectasis. Monograph of the European Respiratory Society, 61 pages 90-106.Textbookofbacteriology.net.Textbookofbacteriology.net. 2013. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics. [online] Available at: http://textbookofbacteriology.net/themicrobien/bactresanti.html [Accessed: 31 December 2013].WHO Regional Office for Europe.WHO Regional Office for Europe. 2014. European Hospital Morbidity DatabaseWho.int.Who.int. 2014. WHO | Antimicrobial resistance. [online] Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/ [Accessed: January 1 2014].

Essay / Pathology, epidemiology and etiology of bronchiectasis (Nhs.uk.2014). The extent of the disease can vary greatly – it may be one enlarged and abnormal section of the airway or multiple airways – usually somewhere in between these extremes. The enlarged parts of the airways become damaged and inflamed, causing excess mucus to form that is less easily cleared. Additionally, these parts of the airway are weaker and more likely to collapse inward, which can affect airflow through the affected airway. The severity depends on the number of airways affected (Patient.co.uk. 2014). Patients with bronchiectasis have a chronic cough and excessive sputum production, and infections due to bacteria develop in them, leading to loss of lung function (O'Donnell 2008). In the UK, around one in a thousand people have bronchiectasis (Patient.co.uk. 2014). A recent statistical analysis showed that the mortality rate from bronchiectasis in England and Wales is increasing by 3% per year and just under a thousand people die from it each year (Roberts and Hubbard, 2010 ). Where the number of deaths increases in older groups and decreases in younger groups. Figure 1 (WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2013) illustrates the concern over bronchiectasis in European countries, particularly in the United Kingdom. Bronchiectasis is now recognized more and more frequently throughout the world. These mortality rates may underestimate the burden of the disease, as lack of knowledge about the disease can lead to underreporting. These data are mortality rates and not incidence data; therefore, bronchiectasis remains a significant concern where...... middle of paper ......m. Respirology, 8 (2), pp. 181-5.Shoemark, A., Ozerovitch, L. and Wilson, R.Shoemark, A., Ozerovitch, L. and Wilson, R. 2007. Etiology in adult patients with bronchiectasis. Epub, 101 (6), pp. 1163-70. Subotic, D. and Lardinois, D. Subotic, D. and Lardinois, D. 2013. Chapter 9. Surgical treatment of bronchiectasis. Monograph of the European Respiratory Society, 61 pages 90-106.Textbookofbacteriology.net.Textbookofbacteriology.net. 2013. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics. [online] Available at: http://textbookofbacteriology.net/themicrobien/bactresanti.html [Accessed: 31 December 2013].WHO Regional Office for Europe.WHO Regional Office for Europe. 2014. European Hospital Morbidity DatabaseWho.int.Who.int. 2014. WHO | Antimicrobial resistance. [online] Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/ [Accessed: January 1 2014].

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