Today, Iranian languages ​​are spoken from central Turkey, Syria and Iraq west to Pakistan and the western edge of the autonomous region Uighur from Xinjiang in China, to the east. To the north, its outposts are Ossetian in the central Caucasus and Yaghnobi and Tajik Persians in Tajikistan in Central Asia, while to the south they are bounded by the Persian Gulf, with the exception of the Kumzari enclave on the peninsula. from Masandam to Oman. The new Iranian stage overlaps with the Islamization of Iranian-speaking lands in the 7th century CE. The Middle Iranian stage began in the third century BCE. The oldest stages date back to the beginning of the second millennium BC. Iran's oldest physical record is the Old Persian inscription of Darius I of 522 BCE on the rock face of Mount Behistun near Kermanshah, along the route down from the Iranian plateau into Mesopotamia . (Windfuhr, 2009) Research over the past few decades suggests that the Proto-Indo-Iranians originated on the steppes of Eastern Europe (Pit-Grave culture, approximately 3500 to 2500 BCE). From there they apparently moved...