The famous French sociologist Emile Durkheim (1897/1951) asserted in his revolutionary work Suicide: A Study in Sociology, that education “is only the image and the reflection of society. He imitates and reproduces the latter in abbreviated form; he does not create it” (p. 372). Therefore, Nieto and Bode's (2008) statements regarding the failure of our schools to provide all students, regardless of their background or circumstances, with equal and unbiased educational opportunities constitute an indictment of society in which these schools exist. American democratic society are equal rights and equal opportunity for all, regardless of creed, color, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or gender. Unfortunately, we have failed to live up to these principles and today we see continued inequity in schools across the country, although there has been increased awareness of how racism manifests in society (D 'Andrea and Daniels, 2007). . Beady and Hansell (1981) assert that “the promise of school desegregation to reduce educational inequality has remained largely a dead letter” (p. 191). The 30 years that have passed since that statement have done little to change the truth. There are three types of racism observable in our society: (a) individual, (b) cultural and (c) institutional (Constantine, 2006). as cited in D'Andrea and Daniels, 2007). While individual racism produces problematic and often dramatic manifestations, more subtle manifestations of cultural and institutional racism are also seen in schools. Individual racism occurs when white individuals treat members of other racial groups differently because they believe the person or group to which they belong is intellectual...... middle of paper ......7966a2c9 %40sessionmgr113Nieto, S ., & Bode, P. (2008). Affirming diversity: The sociopolitical context of multicultural education (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education. Tenenbaum, HR and Ruck, MD (May 2007). Are teacher expectations different for racial minorities and European American students? A meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(2), 253-273. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.99.2.253Theoharis, G. & Haddix, M. (August 22, 2011). Undermining racism and the ideology of whiteness: White principals live a commitment to equitable and excellent schools. Urban Education, 46(6), 1332-1351. doi:10.1177/0042085911416012Tyler, KM, Boykin, AW, & Walton, TR (2006). Cultural considerations in teachers' perceptions of student classroom behaviors and outcomes. Teaching and Teacher Training, 22, 998-1005. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2006.04.017