John SnowJohn Snow born March 15, 1813 – June 16, 1858 grew up in the poorest area of ​​York and later specialized in his life establishing the link between cholera infection he had encountered for the first time in 1831 in Newcastle and water as a vector. Snow's most famous attribute was his research relating to the cholera epidemic during the London epidemic of 1854. "On going there I found that almost all the deaths had occurred within a short period of time. distance from the pump [from Broad Street]. There were only ten deaths in houses located decidedly closer to another street pump. In five of these cases the families of the deceased informed me that they always sent to the Broad Street pump because they preferred the water to that of the nearer pumps. In three other cases the deceased were children attending school near the Broad Street pump” (John Snow, letter to the editor of the Medical Times and Gazette, September 23, 1854). His research and foul air theory had helped him construct an honorable premise linking a communal well pump on Broad Street to the outbreak of cholera cases, encouraging the local council to disable access to the pump. This accomplishment has since been seen by many as the primary reason for the abatement of the cholera epidemic of 1854. After the Broad Street well pump was deactivated, Snow then continued his study of the causes of the cholera epidemic. cholera epidemic. Presenting the information gathered by the snow, he published an illustration of a dot map showing the cholera clusters surrounding the pump; he also presented statistics showing the link between water source quality and cholera cases. John Snow proved that Southwark was a...... middle of paper ...... Beveridge interested in the causes of unemployment began in 1903, working in a settlement house named Toynbee Hall. He worked closely with his English socialist husband and wife Economists and Labor Party activists Sidney and Beatrice Webb were extremely influenced by their theories of social reform and from there Beveridge became an active social reformer in the promoting old age pensions, free school meals and campaigning for a national labor exchange system. During the Liberal government of 1906 to 1914, Winston Churchill invited Beveridge to join the Board of Trade where Beveridge implemented the national system of labor exchanges and civil national insurance to help reduce and maintain low levels of unemployment and poverty. After helping to control labor during the First World War, he was knighted and appointed Secretary of the Ministry of Food..