Current chiropractic research focuses on back and musculoskeletal pain and reliability studies. Although chiropractic clearly has its drawbacks, including its stubborn insistence that spinal misalignments cause or are the root cause of most conditions, including those far from the spine, its reliance on Spinal manipulation has been shown to be useful in the treatment of acute low back pain and other muscular and neurological problems. Osteopaths, licensed physicians whose training is essentially the same as that of medical doctors, also include manipulative therapy in their treatments. Studies conducted at the University of Miami Touch Research Institute School of Medicine found that premature babies gain weight significantly more quickly after being massaged than babies in a non-massage control group (Cooper and Stoflet). Infants who are massaged cry less and are calmer than those who are only rocked. Surprisingly, it is only now, in the late 1990s, that we are discovering the fact that not only infants, but also children and adults respond favorably to human contact, both emotionally and physically. (2016 Laura E..