a) Safety Basis of a Chemical ReactorProcessing or manufacturing industries generally use chemicals in their processes or produce chemicals as end products. Whenever chemicals are used in process industries, there is a potential risk to be concerned about. Chemicals pose a significant danger not only because of their properties, but also because of the chemical reaction itself. An uncontrolled reaction resulting from an exothermic reaction resulting from a chemical reaction could lead to serious dangers, as seen in previous major accidents such as the Bhopal and Seveso disasters. The reaction of chemicals with water or air also receives special attention, as has been seen in several major disasters before (Sanders, 1999). The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) describes in the “Workbook for Chemical Reactor Relief System Sizing” (1998) the basics of safety that can be adapted to a chemical reaction. The basis of chemical reactor safety includes both preventive and protective measures that would ensure the safe operation of the process. The safety baseline can be thought of as an operating protocol that ensures that if followed, it can either: prevent conditions that could lead to an uncontrolled runaway by tailoring preventive measures or minimize the likelihood of a reaction. runaway if protective measures are applied. Preventive measures are measures that could prevent the occurrence of conditions that would allow an uncontrolled process to take place. This includes inherent safe design and process control. Kidam and Hurme (2012) conclude that design errors contributed as a cause of accidents in up to 80% of cases out of 284 accidents studied from the Failure Knowledge Database (FKD). Thus, Trevor Kletz suggested that to avoid accidents, the design should be inherently safe. But...... middle of paper...... fire or explosion and therefore contained the explosion. The suppressor can be halons or water. Suppression can also serve as a means of isolation in the event of a fire or explosion, apart from valves such as rotary valves or quick-acting valves. Additionally, housekeeping is particularly important for protection against fires or flammable dust explosions. The work area must be kept clean of any accumulation of dust, as a layer of dust deposited on the surface can also cause a fire or especially a risk of explosion. Housekeeping can also prevent the occurrence of a secondary dust explosion. Therefore, in conclusion, a similar method of fire protection can be applied both in LPG installations and in processes involving flammable dusts. However, modification of the way the method is implemented should be made based on the characteristics and properties of the flammable gases or dusts in question...