1) Hypotheses In this article, I discuss several assigned articles with respect to hypotheses, focus, temporal and spatial contexts, purpose declared and the comparison between certain articles. With the exception of one article, all articles in this weekly reading are assumed to use the post-structuralist paradigm. In their article, Lobao & Meyer (2001) encourage readers to use a combination of macro, meso and micro approaches to understand agricultural transformation rather than just the macro approach. For example, they advocate human ecology theory (HEP), which is a micro-theory about the individual's adaptation to environmental dynamics such as population density, culture and technologies, as well than the biophysical environment. They criticize the PEP paradigm as being strongly oriented towards a structural approach, neglecting the dynamics of socio-psychological factors of individual and social practices. For Lobao & Meyer, the micro level of household dynamics is crucial for understanding the survival mechanism of smallholder farmers and seeking “strategic business behavior” (p. 112). Furthermore, the gender divide, especially regarding the struggle of women in agricultural and non-agricultural activities, is significant. Lobao and Meyer's article also highlights the regional context of agriculture-related policies, such as agricultural loans that tend to be biased towards certain ethnic groups, a fact that may be overlooked by the PEP. For comparison, Bernstein's article also goes in the same vein, in which he considers the case of the Green Revolution in India as not being "resource neutral" (p. 61), giving more access for the richest farmers to any innovation program (such as credits, provision of inputs and information). The article by Lobao & Meyer on the political action of farmers to defend their interests ...... middle of the article ......the. Similarly, but with a different case, Pechllaner and Otero (2008) describe Mexico's recent resistance to the introduction of biotech foods by international companies via trade liberalization. To summarize, while most articles have a similar post-structural paradigm - - which assume that local and regional factors are crucial factors in understanding the agricultural transition - the focus of the study, the spatio-temporal contexts and the objective of the study are different. The articles provide excellent perspectives and diverse examples from different eras and across geographical boundaries regarding the need to assess the complexity of agricultural actors, particularly the struggle of farmers as individuals, households or communities (including consumers of food products), to adapt to change. from external forces, which influence their livelihoods and interests.