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  • Essay / What is profiling? - 1736

    Profiling became public with the launch of the popular TV show Criminal Minds, which was renewed for a tenth season. According to Lilienfeld et al. (2014), practitioners use information derived from crime patterns to determine the offender's motivations and personality traits. Law enforcement agencies have used profiling techniques for thirty years, but little empirical scientific research has been conducted on the validity of the techniques actually used by profilers. Most of the articles are more discussion pieces about the perception of profiling in law enforcement. In this article, I examine two studies that focus on law enforcement members' perceptions of profiling. Richard N. Kocsis, along with other authors, has conducted a number of studies on perceptions of profiling. In an early 2004 study in which police bids were the subjects, he found bias. One of the study criteria involved the profile used in the study being generated by a professional or non-professional profiler. The identity of the author did not appear to influence officers' opinions of the usefulness of the profile, but did affect perceptions of the profile's accuracy. Two reasons have been put forward for this. One of them, professional loyalty, leads agents to place more importance on the work of a professional colleague rather than that of a stranger. The second reason concerns agents' beliefs regarding profiling. This phenomenon has been referred to as the PT Barnum effect, which also notes the tendency of people to positively interpret vague information presented in a positive manner, such as horoscopes and personality tests (Lilienfeld et al. 2014). In a later study, Kocsis has.. .... middle of article ......article submitted in 2008, calls for the burden of proof to be borne by those who claim that profiling is a science legitimate and that the validity of the claims must be scientifically tested (Snook et al. 2008). REFERENCES Bennell, C., Jones, N., Taylor, P., Snook, B. (2006). Validities and capabilities in criminal profiling: a critique of studies conducted by Richard Kocsis and colleagues. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. 50, 344-360. Snook, B., Cullen, R., Taylor, P., Gendreau, P. (2008). The Illusion of Criminal Profiling: What's Behind the Smoke and Mirrors? Criminal justice and behavior. 35, 1257-1271. Torres, A., Boccaccini, M., Miller, H. (2006). Perceptions of the validity and usefulness of criminal profiling among forensic psychologists and psychiatrists. Professional psychology: research and practice. 37, 51-58.