Emperor Constantine History records that Constantine, the first Christian Caesar (one of the most talented, vigorous and triumphant Roman emperors), who founded Constantinople and the The Byzantine Empire was the first Roman emperor to impose the idea of ​​a Christian theocracy, a political system that assumed all subjects were Christian, thus merging civil and religious rights. He was the Constantine at the time who saw Christianity as the only weapon powerful enough to eliminate the high rate of idolatry sweeping the Roman Empire. His monarchical regime held Catholic unity in high esteem. He was in close contact with the bishops in 313, thus making peace and harmony his top priority in the Donatist and Arian disagreements. The devout pilgrimages of Helen, the fanatical Aranism of Constantia, etc. proved that Constantine had his whole family very attached. in his idea of ​​religious feelings. Even though Christianity, in its early days, was embraced with infused superstition until it eventually died out. Constantine was more interested in promoting the outward aspect of Christianity as a social structure than in an inner mission bringing about transformation. After Constantine's death, his sons did not fully follow in their Father's footsteps (even with their Christian education) to maintain the original Christianity. the 4th and 6th centuries were immersed in the monastic spirit giving great credence to poverty, voluntary celibacy, total obedience and excessive self-punishment of the pillars of saints and martyrs of the desert. More flamboyant lifestyles were considered a low standard of morality compared to the corrupt social situation prevalent in the continually declining Roman Empire. Emperor Ju...... middle of paper ...... in the Middle East 1789-1923 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999. Rudolph Peters, Jihad in Classical and Modern Islam (Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers, 1996), in particular chapter 6, “Jihad and war propaganda: the Ottoman Jihad fatwa of November 11, 1914”), pp. 55-57. For examples in the aftermath of 9/11, see Alan Philips, “Ill selected Word [Crusade] Fuels Claims of Intent to Wage War on Islam,” Daily Telegraph (London) (September 18, 2001). 2001); Eric Black, “Christian Crusades Are Bitter Chapters in Islamic History,” Star Tribune (Minneapolis) (October 21, 2001); Jonathon Phillips, “Why a Crusade Will Lead to a Jihad,” Independent (London) (September 18, 2001). PBS video "Islam: Empire of Faith" (2001) History Channel/A&E's "Inside Islam" (Summer 2002)MSNBC, PBS [Public Broadcast Service] video "Muhammad: The Legacy of a Prophet" (December. 18, 2002),