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  • Essay / Zahir Muhammad and the Mughal Empire - 1734

    Zahir Muhammad, of supposedly significant Mongol origin, developed an empire that would eventually include most of the Indian subcontinent. Zahir founded the Mughal dynasty and was able to conquer almost all of India. However, the most influential ruler of the Mughal Empire was Zahir's grandson Akbar. After assassinating the commander of the Mughal army, Akbar decided to centralize the government. Although he was a devout Muslim, he was fascinated by different religions and philosophies. He decided that the empire would embrace all religions and that its imperial court would consist of Hindus, Christians, Zoroastrians, Jains and Sikhs. He ensured that there would be religious tolerance among all his people by focusing on himself as a leader of the "divine faith." Through his rule, the Mughal Empire grew rich through foreign trade with European nations. They created one of the current wonders of the world: the Taj Mahal. His successor, Aurangzeb, allowed the empire to reach its peak in terms of power and geography. However, he rejected Akbar's policy of religious tolerance. As a result, Muslims held all the power and tensions quickly rose between other faiths. Several revolts took place when Hindu temples were replaced by mosques and taxes were imposed on Hindu subjects. Eventually, the British settled in India to form a trade route between India and Britain. Because the Mughals did not focus on advancing their technologies, the British were able to capture the trade market, which seriously weakened the Mughals.