This is clearly evident in relation to the victims of the Holocaust, where the ultranationalist mentality of the Nazi Party established a culture of immense violence against the targeted population. A major feature of modernization was ethnic targeting and an underlying racial dimension that motivated perpetrators to commit large-scale massacres. A number of violent policies that emerged from the notion of ethnic cleansing became conducive to repression, murder, and ultimately genocide. The scale of 20th-century violence can be explained by defining features of modernity such as the combined force of new warfare technologies and administrative techniques that "categorized people along strict lines of nation and race." Genocides arise from a long-term obsession on the part of their perpetrators to emphasize the religious or cultural differences of the victim group. Nationalism has given society the opportunity to systematically categorize society based on ethnicity and race. It was certainly a modern phenomenon that facilitated the spread of violence and, ultimately, genocide. A defining characteristic of the 20th century, and particularly of the Holocaust, is the ability of its perpetrators to completely ignore the identities of its victims. Fear and the "omnipresence of perpetrators and victims" are considered to be at the heart of modern genocide which "envelops society in a vicious cycle of devastation and murder". The Nazi regime's premeditated plan boils down to its ability to simply transform society's perception of victims into loathsome figures who threaten the nation's prosperity. It became an effective technique that gained massive support among the citizens of Nazi Germany. Hitler's vision of the Final Solution was to create a Europe without Judaism, with Judaism considered "a mortal and universal religion ».