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  • Essay / World Englishes: Annotated Bibliography - 1625

    The Use of World Englishes in Web Forums: Virtual Ethnography in the Third Digital SpaceResearch Question: How do World English users navigate websites when they put their cultural and linguistic capital into play and create a digital identity?Kachru, Braj. (1976). Models of English for the Third World: White Man's Linguistic Burden or Linguistic Pragmatics? TESOL Quarterly, 10(2), 221-339. Kachru's aim in writing this article was to show how opinions towards so-called "Third World Englishmen" were overly critical at the time of writing this article. He gives concrete examples of how there is a conflict in linguistics between those who considered these Englishes to be deficient and users of the language who had adapted it for their own use. Additionally, and this seems most important to me in the article, he proposes seven "behavioral sins" against one of these linguistic experts, Prator, who used his writings to malign English spoken in India. In doing so, Kachru turned the tables on those who were trying to maintain the status quo. The first sin, ethnocentrism, shows that English is not something stable or even the same in “first world” countries. This could be used to show that English in other countries should not be considered "inferior", but a legitimate form of English. Second, misperceptions of British and American English show that there is no evidence of how Americans and English people perceive each other's use of English. Third, the failure to recognize "Third World" English people as culturally related shows how Prator completely ignored the way English was used culturally in the Third World. Fourth, ignoring the systems of "third world" Englishes shows how Prator once again ignores all the different varieties...... middle of article...... this will be an important part of my review of literature as I try to imagine what a model would look like (if it could exist) if I took into consideration how the digital world has influenced agents as they interact in web communities without national boundaries. Of course, there exists and there will be a “collective spirit” of these same communities, but where do they exist and what form do they take? Bruthiaux says that such a model would be inclined to an uncritical view, but if it existed, but must a model exist? It would be useful to examine World English from this critical perspective and how it is exchanged in the linguistic marketplace of the digital third space. Additionally, English as a lingua franca in these web communities would not resemble the English used in academic circles, but would be examples of authentic English used for a specific purpose as communities of discourses are formed or undone..