Although it shares the roots of cognitive neuroscience, cognitive neuropsychology has become a distinct discipline. While cognitive neuroscience studies the neuronal organization of the brain, cognitive neuropsychology is interested in the functional architecture of the brain; Colheart (2010) describes this as a distinction between the brain and the mind. According to, among others, Coltheart (2002, cited Coltheart, 2010), this makes cognitive neuropsychology a branch of cognitive psychology rather than neuroscience. Patient case studies have played a critical role in the development of cognitive neuropsychology into a distinct discipline, although data from case studies can support and even advance cognitive neuroscientific discoveries about neural architecture. Cognitive neuroscience research has identified dorsal and ventral visual pathways (e.g. Shapley, 1995, cited Pike and Edgar, 2010) in the brain, known as the “where” and “what” pathways, respectively. A case study of patient FD by Milner and Goodale (1995, cited Pike and Edgar, 2010) revealed impaired recognition of faces and objects as well as visual discrimination, suggesting damage to the ventral pathway. When asked to pick up a small disc whose width she could not judge, the distance between DF's index finger and thumb was highly correlated with the actual width of the disc, suggesting that she was able to guide action using size information not available for conscious reporting. Milner and Goodale then developed the ventral/dorsal dissociation theory by suggesting that the ventral “what” pathway processes object recognition while the dorsal “where” system directs action in relation to an object (Goodale and Milner, 1992; Milner and Goodale, 1995, both cited Pike and Edgar, 2010). Thus a patie...... middle of paper ......In Kaye, H. (Ed,), Methods Companion (2nd ed., pp. 59-102). Milton Keynes: The Open University. Patterson, K. and Plaut, D.C. (2009). “‘Shallow drafts intoxicate the brain’: lessons from cognitive science for cognitive neuropsychology”, Topics in Cognitive Science, vol. 1 (1), pp.39-58. Pike, G. and Edgar, G. (2010). 'Perception'. In Kaye, H. (Ed,), Cognitive Psychology (2nd ed., pp. 63-104). Milton Keynes: The Open University.Rutherford, A. (2010). “Long-term memory: from encoding to retrieval”. In Kaye, H. (Ed,), Cognitive Psychology (2nd ed., pp. 63-104). Milton Keynes: The Open University. Wierenga, CE, Maher, LM, Moore, A., White, KD, McGregor, K., Soltysik, DA, & Crosson, B. (2006). “Neural substrates of syntactic mapping processing: fMRI study of two cases”, Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, vol. 12(1), p...132-146.