The two most common modes of mother-to-child transmission are childbirth and breastfeeding. The baby has a 15 to 30 percent risk of contracting HIV during delivery and a higher risk of 90 percent when breastfeeding. There are several ways to try to prevent mother-to-child transmission as well as prevent HIV among girls and women. Globally, there are counseling and testing services that are offered to pregnant women, as well as family planning services to reduce pregnancies among infected mothers. Preventive antiretroviral drug therapies are available, accompanied by appropriate monitoring and treatment for mother and infant and, if necessary, nutritional counseling and breast milk substitutes. Boehringer-Ingelheim is a pharmaceutical manufacturer of nevirapine and has provided this drug free of charge to help prevent mother-to-child transmission. Third world countries are short of funds to provide the most effective drug treatment, HAART. Due to excessive use of this drug nevirapine, mothers become resistant to it. WHO is therefore currently promoting the use of cotrimoxizole prophylaxis for all HIV-infected children and mothers. (Lamptey, Johnson and Khan, 2006, p...