During the Atlantic slave trade, 1.7 million Africans from the Bay of Biafra were enslaved and brought to the New World. Of these 1.7 million, almost 1.3 million were Igbo. From the 16th to the 19th centuries, European and American slave traders kidnapped and enslaved large numbers of Africans to the New World and, due to the influx of Africans, many great cultural influences came from the African populations. Jamaica was home to two major trading ports where Igbo slaves arrived, Bonny and Calabar. The majority of slaves from Biafra were brought to the shores of Jamaica and made up a large portion of the slaves in Jamaica. Even while captive on plantations, enslaved Africans discriminated against and judged other Africans. "The English explorer William Baikie discovered that this mark of high status literally meant 'cut face'" (p.20). Another tradition of class differentiation that the Igbo brought with them to the New World was social class structuring. The term I'tshi or "cut face" was used to refer to the upper class, similar to nobles or royalty. “An Igbo boy named Aneaso was enslaved in 1799 and became known in Jamaica as Archibald Monteath. He left a detailed description of Igbo mgburichi, remembering vividly the excision ceremonies he witnessed as a young boy, even after a life as a Morvaian Christian” (p. 18). This passage continues to give Aneaso's description of the ceremony. This shows how much this tradition meant a lot to the younger generation and thanks to people like Anea, many traditions were brought to the New World. Igbo traditions had an impact on New World cultures, although they did not practice all traditions. Although some traditions did not continue in the New...... middle of paper ...... notorious and the notoriety of their protests had another important impact on the New World. Their protests, especially the more peaceful ones such as walking into the ocean in chains and drowning, helped spark abolitionist thoughts by demonstrating to slave traders that this is not the way to treat humans. This death is better than slavery. Since the blatant rejection of their enslavement by the Igbo people, people have followed the example of the slaves and defended their rights as human beings. For Igbo identity, it referred to the formation of an individual or a collective group of people through association by certain customs, traditions, history, geographical location and environment. Race was seen as an idea established by the rich and powerful and how they identified people based on biological distinctions..