It was the responsibility of the World Bank to monitor the project and ensure that the people of Chad were helped by the pipeline. They should have paid more attention to different aspects of the project, for example where the pipeline was laid. By running the pipeline through Chad's most fertile lands, the natives were doomed to failure. Farms were destroyed and trees like the avocado and mango trees that the indigenous people depended on were felled. People received money in return to buy young trees, but that didn't change the fact that most fruit trees take years and years to reach adulthood and start producing fruit. The World Bank, which had promised to oversee the project and protect the population, has largely failed. People displaced from their homes were given poorly constructed shacks in exchange for their livelihoods. Even though the pipeline makes money, that money is not returned to the people who essentially paid for it with their homes and food supplies. In addition, the World Bank has been terribly suspicious of its loans to the project. Both Chad and Cameroon are part of IDA, which stands for International Development Association. IDA credits and grants are given to the world's poorest countries, but for the pipeline the World Bank switched between IDA loans and IBRD loans, which are given to countries with reasonable income. By changing the types of loans, the World Bank was able to avoid questions about why it would use IDA funds to operate an oil project (Horta, Nguiffo and Djiraibe,