To date, numerous studies support the function of self-esteem in combating death anxiety. Conventional studies on the role of self-esteem acting as a buffer of anxiety in the face of mortality salience rely on the self-report questionnaire as a measurement tool (Burke et al., 2010). The measurement of the construct by self-assessment questionnaire derives mainly from the concept of explicit self-esteem. It is common for TMT research using explicit self-esteem to indicate the concept of self-esteem and therefore explain their role on mortality salience (Pyszczynski & Greenberg, 1992). Explicit self-esteem is measured consciously. This is a reliable measure of the construct, but we should not ignore the role of unconscious, introspective measurement of self-esteem. However, concerns remain about the effect of social desirability on the self-evaluation measure. Previous research has shown that participants tend to self-deceive and perform impressively on the measure (Paulhus, 1998). It is not necessary to argue that self-reflections take place only at the conscious level. There is evidence that many social cognitive functions operate through unconscious evaluation (Greenwald & Banaji, 1995). Implicit measures of personality have been useful since the early days of personality psychology (Wilson, Lindsey, & Schooler, 2000). Researchers have argued that some personal reflections may also operate at unconscious levels. Nonconscious personal reflections are assumed to be inaccessible to rational, conscious people and must be observed indirectly and implicitly (Greenwald & Banaji, 1995). Automatic self-reflection is called implicit self-esteem. Implicit self-esteem is defined as an aut...... middle of paper ...... on the other hand, there are several researches to construct self-esteem as another source of esteem of the self or another concept related to the self. on TMT. For example, self-esteem is defined as self-image and body esteem (Goldenberg, McCoy, Pyszczynski, Greenberg, & Solomon, 2000; Goldenberg & Shackelford, 2005); self-improvement (Arndt & Goldernberg, 2011) and fitness intentions (Arndt, Schimel, & Goldenberg, 2003). Therefore, it is sufficiently justified to predict that people with high implicit self-esteem can reduce death anxiety by imposing a defensive response to the salience of mortality. From a theoretical perspective, the full understanding of self-esteem in TMT requires consideration of components of self-esteem other than the explicit level. These include implicit self-esteem and therefore both implicit and explicit self-esteem will be examined in the present study..