Historical Development of Models from Aristotle to NewtonThere were 6 models of the universe from Aristotle to Newton.AristotleAristotle was the first to publish a model of the universe ( around 300 BC) which was accepted. Its model was geocentric (the Earth in the center), the sun and the other planets revolved around the Earth and the stars were fixed on the celestial sphere. The planets needed a constant application of force to be able to stay in a perfect, stationary orbit around Earth. He believed that the Earth was the center and that even the water on it moved towards one point, the center of the Earth and the center of the Universe. Claudis PtolemyPtolemy was the second person to try to propose a model of the Universe. He improved Aristotle's model around AD 140, adding epicycles to the orbits of the planets and the sun to account for the retrograde motion of the planets in the sky. Sometimes these epicycles were placed on top of each other, because a single epicycle was not enough to explain the movements of some planets. Its model was preserved until around 1514 AD. Nicolaus CopernicusCopernicus changed the way we think about our universe for almost 1500 years with the publication of his heliocentric (the sun at the center) model of the universe. Even though the orbits were perfect circles and the stars were fixed on the celestial sphere, his way of thinking revolutionized the way people viewed our universe. Although his model was accurate, it was only to a certain extent. Placing the Sun at the center of the Universe still did not abolish the idea that the planets were not on epicycles and therefore were used. Jonannes Kepler Although Kepler did not publish his own model of the universe, he perfected Copernicus' model using "Tyco Broche". '...... middle of paper ......y, allowing further development of the model of the universe. Nicolas Copernicus introduced a new way of thinking about our Universe, by placing the Sun at the center of the Universe. Jonannes Kepler, using data from Tyco Brahe, was able to prove that Copernicus was right, even though Tyco said the Universe was geocentric, his data proved extremely useful. Galileo Galilei, using the new technological advancement, the "telescope", was able to provide stronger evidence for the heliocentric model. Sir Isaac Newton, using much more complex telescopes, was able to discover that your solar system was only one part of our Galaxy that was not alone, but part of hundreds of thousands of others that make up the Universe. Using calculation and shifting of the light spectrum, we were able to determine that our Universe was expanding, which was later proven by Einstein's equation; E=mc^2.