How does the group of fish in Finding Nemo coordinate their movements to smoothly create various shapes with minimal communication? All of these movements contribute to what is called collective movement, but the mystery behind the origins and reasons for the collective behavior of groups of fish has baffled many. Fish were traditionally thought to be leaderless, but they tended to stay in groups; either a bench or a school. Although they have different meanings, today they are used interchangeably. A bench is any group that stays together for social reasons, while a school is a group that demonstrates several rather complex behavior patterns. Therefore, any group of fish constitutes a school, but not all schools are schools (“Shoaling Behavior in Fish,” 2014). The reasons behind these groups of fish can be attributed to increased protection from predators, increased success in foraging, increased chances of finding a mate, increased probability of reaching a certain destination, and the increase in hydrodynamic movements. Leaders are either whoever is in the lead at the time or a determined leader with a natural tendency to be bold and make decisions on behalf of the group, despite social differences. This latter form of leadership is what is displayed in Finding Nemo when a single "voice" tells the rest of the fish to create the formations. The evolutionary history of fish groups has allowed for divergence in leadership forms toward these two distinct forms, highly situation-dependent. The more effective of the two directions is the one with a determined leader, as they tend to be more knowledgeable about the location of sources (Couzin, Krause, Franks, & Levin, 2004). Despite the type of leadership...... middle of paper ...... Krause, J., Hoare, D., Krause, S., Hemelrijk, CK, & Rubenstein, DI (2000). Leadership in schools of fish. Fish and Fisheries, 1(1), 82-89. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2000.tb00001.x5. Nakayama, S. (August 28, 2013). Leaders are born, not made, fish study finds. Retrieved April 20, 2014 from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/leaders-are-born-not-made-fish-study-finds/6. Nakayama, S., Harcourt, JL, Johnstone, RA and Manica, A. (2012). Initiative, personality, and leadership in foraging fish pairs [Abstract]. PLoS ONE, 7(5). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.00366067. Schooling behavior in fish. (2014). Accessed April 22, 2014, from http://www.sju.edu/int/academics/cas/biology/resources/biodiversity/fishcam/shoaling.html8. Vugt, MV, Ahuja, A. and Vugt, MV (2011). Naturally Selected: The Evolutionary Science of Leadership. New York: HarperBusiness.