IntroductionMerriam Webster defines “welfare system” as “a social system in which a government is responsible for the economic and social well-being of its citizens and has policies to provide free health care,” money for unemployed people, etc.; also: a country which has such a system. » (Webster, 1964) Started after the industrial revolution, the notion of the welfare state consists of providing its citizens with economic and social well-being; the state guarantees basic necessities such as health, education and human rights. In the 21st century, welfare states face challenges due to lack of resources and, consequently, ambiguous sustainable development. The fact that a large part of the economy is devoted to well-being reduces the chances of generating income. On the other hand, welfare states also benefit citizens, even at the local level; they help the most deprived and also provide them with a substantial lifestyle. Nevertheless, the welfare state system faces challenges in both cases.Challenges for welfare states in the 21st century: One of the best-known welfare state systems in the world is that of the Nordic countries which include the North Atlantic and Northern Europe. These include Finland, Denmark, Sweden, Iceland and Norway. The Nordic model countries have some common characteristics, such as social system and history. The Nordic model emphasizes concepts such as social cohesion, egalitarianism and security for all its citizens. It also recognizes and helps the vulnerable and socially disadvantaged people in a society. Apart from this, issues of health, gender equality and elderly services are also taken care of by this model. The Scandinavian model (comprising Northern Europe, Norway and Sweden)...... middle of paper ......reading future income equals the present value of spending at the initial debt level ; it is necessary to continually increase taxes. it sometimes presents certain ambiguities and faces challenges due to the different policies and territories in which it is based. I suspect that in the 21st century many people are increasingly reluctant towards the concept of the welfare state and are vehemently opposed to it. for ideological reasons, it is a great service for welfare citizens, but on the other hand, it is also a chore for them to pay high taxes. who have adopted the models also find it difficult.