To what extent and in what ways did the Russian tsars control the Kazakh steppe between 1820 and 1890?During the political period, the Kazakh khans of the three hordes lent oath and signed documents attesting to their inclusion in the Kazakh steppe. Empire. Although the documents were signed, both parties failed to comply with them. The Empire had no real political power in the early 19th century in the Kazakh steppe and numerous anti-Russian rebellions support this claim. The document of “Ustav o Sibirskih Kirgizah, 1822” made it possible to take control of the steppe by creating a system with a new approach of “divide and rule”. The new policy included the creation of an "elite" with developed morality and literacy drawing on the nobel families, called Chinggisids, and a new policy of land administration. Rebellions, the presence of national identity, resistance to the settlement of nomads made it difficult to establish control in the steppe. However, although there was some opposition from the nomads, this policy was very successful. The Russian Empire controlled the Kazakh steppe after the mid-19th century, when the steppe was officially divided into separate entities. The reorganization plan (1809) of Tsarist Russia did not take into account the differences between the central and peripheral parts. Imperial legislative law applied with regional restrictions and exceptions, but the general principle was the decentralization of Tsarist Russia by dividing it into several parts and the concentration of administrative units by integrating central and regional agencies. Speranskii's "Ustav o Sibirskih Kirgizah, 1822" reform allocated administrative units and positions to create a new bureaucracy. When the post of khan was abolished, the unity of the nomadic tribes was destabilized. Thus...... middle of document....... 1 (January - March 2003), pp. 5-33Levi, S. (1999). India, Russia and the Transformation of the Caravan Trade in Central Asia in the 18th Century. Journal of Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. 42, no. 4 (1999), pp. 519-548 Malikov, Y. (2005). The rebellion of Kenesary Kasymov (1837-1847): a national liberation movement or “a protest against the restoration”? Documents on Nationalities, Vol. 33, No. 4Manz, B.F. (1987). Central Asian uprisings in the 19th century: Ferghana under the Russians. The Russian Review, vol. 46, 1987, p. 267-281 Martin, V. (2010). The Kazakh Genghisids, land and political power in the 19th century: a case study of Syrymbet. Central Asian Survey, 29:1, 79-102Sbornik documentov. (1996). National'no-osvoboditel'naia bor'ba Kazakhskogo naroda pod predvoditel'stvom Kenesary Kasymova (Sbornk dokumentov). Almaty, 1996, p... 39, 121-122