The reactivity of a bond or atom toward a particular reactant in a compound is significantly affected by the availability of electrons. The influence of electron density is affected by the following factors: inductive effect, mesomeric effect, electromeric effect and hyperconjugation. Inductive Effect In chemical composition and science, the "inductive effect" is an experimentally observable impact of the transmission of charge through a chain of atoms. in a molecule. It can also be defined as the process of moving electrons along the chain of carbon atoms. This is a permanent effect and results from the presence of a polar covalent bond at one end of the chain and does not depend on the presence of a reactant. Electrons moved to a more electronegative atom. When an atom or group of atoms has a greater electron-attracting capacity than hydrogen, it is the electron-attracting inductive effect, also known as the -I effect. The positive charge is transmitted to the other atoms in the chain if the electronegative atom joins a chain of carbon atoms. Example of electron attracting inductive effect (-I) • NO2> CN>COOH>F>Cl> Br> I > OH> OCH3 > C6H5 > HWhen atoms or groups of atoms having a power of attraction d 'electrons smaller than hydrogen, they repel electrons towards the carbon atom, this is the electron-repulsive inductive effect, also known as the +I effect. Example of electron-repelling inductive effect (+I). • (CH3)3C > (CH3)2CH > CH3CH2 > CH3The more electronegative atom has a slight negative charge (δ–) and the other atom has a slight charge positive (δ +). By being able to decide the point of attack in a molecule, inductive effects change the electron density in a molecule. Mesomeric effect The mesomeric effect ...... middle of paper ...... determining the length of the bond, resonance affects the length of the bond: the single bond is shortened while the double bond becomes longer long while tautomerism has no effect on bond length. About dynamic equilibrium, the resonant structures are not in dynamic equilibrium but the tautomerism is in dynamic equilibrium with each other. The two tautomeric forms exist together, although the equilibrium can shift to one side or the other if conditions change. Tautomers have a physical reality while resonance structures are imaginary. Change in position of the atom (usually hydrogen) involves tautomerism, while resonance involves change in position of the unshared or pi bond only. Example, considering an amide that is 1.52, the 1.53 resonance form shows a different charge position, while the 1.54 tautomer shows a different position of a hydrogen atom..