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  • Essay / Franz Kafka The boundary between humanity and animality

    Is this something innate to our cognitive capacity, or has it become more complex as time passes and we adapt to changes scalable? Culture includes language, traditions, history and values, among many other elements. For example, we have constructed social norms and conventional manners: “The first thing I learned was to shake hands. The handshake demonstrates frankness” (Kafka). However, these are not innate to us, but we learn them as we grow up. Was Nim capable of grasping the meaning of human culture? Did growing up in an environment surrounded by people make him closer to “humanity” than to “animality”? Nim certainly understood basic human norms. For example, he learned to express affection through signs such as hugs, as well as to apologize when he had done something wrong. But has he acquired a sense of values, morals or ethics? When he was young, he killed a cat, then he attacked the researchers more than once, and when he was old, he almost killed the woman who first took care of him. Indeed, even if Nim demonstrated a high level of intelligence, he was far from conceiving the world from a human point of view.