The Crucible is interpreted as an allegory on the intolerance of McCarthyism, allowing Miller to express his criticism of this practice through a crucial period in American history. After its publication, it was widely expressed that The Crucible illustrated Miller's views on McCarthyism and its effects on society. McCarthyism is defined as the political practice of spreading accusations of disloyalty and undermining power and authority without providing legitimate evidence. This specifically targeted communists, who were also innocent citizens falsely accused of witchcraft in Salem. Although Miller does not specifically mention McCarthyism, he incorporates analogies with elements of McCarthyism. A direct connection to this is that Danforth states "a person is either with this court or he must be counted against it, there is no way between the two". This crucial quote loosely refers to the aspect of McCarthyism that vaguely states that a person is either in government or suspected of communism. Miller continues to reinforce this technique through the portrayal of his characters, Abigail reflects on encouraging accusations from innocent people without saying anything. strong evidence, such as claiming “I saw Sarah Good with the Devil!” I saw Goody Osburn with the Devil! thus encouraging other Salem girls to follow. This is similar to McCarthy's allegations against anyone, regardless of social status, but it represents the injustice inflicted on honest citizens who attempted to clear their names. Hangings had an impact on citizens during the McCarthy era. era who were blacklisted and therefore excluded from society. Although there is no direct symbolism, this practice is clearly described in the middle of the paper in its text. the characterization of Elizabeth Proctor. Although her statements are false, Abigail expresses that "she is a bitter woman, a lying, cold, whiny woman, and I will not work for such a woman!" This opening opinion of Elizabeth allows Miller to reinforce the false characterization of her, which is used to damage Elizabeth's reputation and Abigail further expresses, "I won't let it be said that my name is sullied, Goody Proctor is a talkative liar! ! » Miller not only displays it to affect Elizabeth's reputation, but also uses it to express how far Abigail will go in keeping her own name intact. The reader examines the effect of characterization, allowing Miller to convey the importance of reputation and emphasize its significance. of social status in a religious society.