If used correctly, vagueness can make a word seem polite, helping both parties achieve respect, which helps achieve ideal communication ( Zhao & Nie, 2015). Withholding information or using vague language can be both misleading and unethical if used incorrectly and tends to increase the level of conflict between bargaining agents. Ethical negotiators should always be open and frank with the other party, giving them all available information to enable them to make a responsible decision. It seems that in negotiation there is a general presumption of deception. However, as Provis (2000) says, if the practice of deception is believed to be used, we risk harming innocent people. Furthermore, people's trading experience varies widely and there is a knowledge asymmetry. It seems unfair that parties with a weaker ethical commitment prosper at the expense of those with a stronger commitment. There appears to be a fairly large gray area in which negotiation tactics may be considered mildly unethical and justifiable in specific circumstances (Lewicki and Robinson).,