Chiang et al detailed a study that found that sleep-deprived college students maintained lower grade point averages than students who exhibited healthy sleep schedules (Chiang et al 73). Lack of sleep leads to very poor performance in class. Chiang et al also described specific effects that led to decreased academic performance. They describe that poor amounts of sleep will decrease attention and memory skills, and lead to poorer problem-solving results (Chiang et al 74). Three important aspects of academic success are negatively affected by lack of sleep. Students have difficulty learning and retaining information because their attention and memory are reduced. Additionally, damaged problem-solving skills produce poor performance on tests and homework. Additionally, the effects of sleep deprivation are visible at all academic levels. Chiang et al mention that over a hundred studies have been conducted to examine the effects of sleep loss on academic achievement, and that these studies have included students ranging from elementary to college classes (Chiang et al 74). There is an overwhelming amount of evidence supporting the effects of lack of sleep on performance.