Osmoregulation: By controlling and increasing the length of the loop of Henle and the concentration of brine in the kidney medulla, they are able to survive almost entirely due to the metabolic water. It also regulates through the hair and sweat glands. Respiration: The lungs are the respiratory organs. The air passage consists of the external nostrils, pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi. The lungs contain a large number of tiny alveoli in which external respiration takes place. Surrounding the lungs and heart is a rib cage containing long, curved bones called ribs. Below the lungs is a diaphragm which divides the trunk into an upper thorax and a lower abdomen. The ribs and diaphragm play a major role in inhaling and exhaling the respiratory movement. Impact on humans: It has been widely used in medical and genetic research. It is of capital importance in physiology, genetics, immunology, pathology and epidemiology. Likewise, there is also a negative impact on humans. This leads to rat-borne diseases that kill people. It also carries diseases like plague, typhus, trichinosis, tularemia, infectious jaundice and many other serious diseases. It is a huge destroyer of property, including crops, human food storage and parts of