“In 2007, healthcare spending in the United States was approximately $7,421 per capita and accounted for 16.2% of the country's GDP” (Kaiser) . While Japan's national health expenditure is approximately 8% of the country's GDP (Kaiser). However, with such a low cost, the delivery of medical care would be negatively affected. Many doctors in Japan have witnessed overcrowding of hospitals due to each patient being treated too equally and hospital beds being taken up by less urgent cases and there being no punishment for those who use the system too much (Harden). Additionally, the lack of necessary on-call doctors and nurses affects the quality of care as there are only 1.6 doctors per 1,000 people and 7.8 nurses per 1,000 people, while the average doctor is 3.1 and that of nurses is 8.2 per 1,000 people (Kaiser). As a result, doctors and nurses are overwhelmed by long working hours and overcrowding, making the quality and delivery of medical care difficult..