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  • Essay / What are mindfulness-based interventions? - 1066

    Mindfulness-Based InterventionsThe most commonly used mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) are mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (Gu , Strauss, Bond & Cavanagh, 2015). Mindfulness-based stress reduction was initially developed to treat patients with chronic pain and was developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn (Lorentz, 2011). MBSR is a group training that takes place once a week, over a period of eight weeks, for 2.5 hours per session. Various techniques are used to teach mindfulness. A combination of mindfulness lecture series, group discussions, and instruction in mindfulness techniques (e.g., meditation, body scan, breath awareness, empathy awareness) is used to teach participants “The goal of MBCT is to encourage individuals to focus on the present moment in a nonjudgmental manner and let it pass without further thought or concern” (Felder, Dimidjian, & Segal, 2012). This type of training is also taught in groups over a period of eight weeks at a rate of 2.5 hours per session. Mindfulness comes from a deeply rooted system of contemplative practice. An individual can only benefit from the benefits of mindfulness training if they continue to practice mindfulness techniques after the training is completed. By practicing meditation regularly, mindfulness becomes an intentional practice (Holas & Jankowski, The FFMQ questions make simple statements about daily experience (Baer et., 2008). The FFMQ consists of 39 items and uses a Likert 5-point scale (1 = Never or very rarely true, 5 = Very often or always true), (Baer et al., 2006) measures the five components of mindfulness: “observing (noticing sensations). or internal or external emotions), describe (label internal experiences with words) act mindfully (attend to one's activities in the moment), not judge the inner experience (take a non-evaluative stance towards thoughts and feelings) and non-reactivity to inner experience (the tendency to allow thoughts and feelings to come and go without getting caught up in them” (Baer et al., 2008, p. 330). Reliability tests were conducted on several individuals who were regular meditators (N=213), demographically similar non-meditators. (N=252), a general community sample (N=293) and a student sample (N=259), (Baer et al, 2008) using several different scales to compare the FFMQ