Throughout the semester, various styles of music and aspects of culture associated with these styles were analyzed. Musical elements such as dynamics, texture, shape, timbre, melody, instruments, etc. were used to explore in depth each type of music from different regions of the world, with a focus on music from Africa, India and Indonesia. These aspects of music go far beyond the music itself. Culture also plays an important role in music and the musical elements that accompany it. Every country and culture has a different style and quirk that adds to what makes that culture's music unique. Music in Africa can differ significantly from music in Indonesia or India, not only because of certain elements, but also because of how it is interpreted by people and what it represents to them. Additionally, what may be considered music in one culture may not be music in another. These differences were highlighted in the different demonstrations to which we were exposed in class. One of the very first things taught in this course was the concept of reciting the Quran. It is a practice of reciting different passages from the Quran. Much to the regret of those who participate in this practice, it is often confused with music by those who are not very familiar with the concept. However, in this culture, music is considered a non-religious thing and considered "secular" and "profane." I found this extremely different from music in Africa, for example, where music plays a huge role in religion. Praise dances are very common in West African cultures where music and religion go hand in hand. Music is also most often present in rites of worship and passage. African music itself is very... middle of paper ... many of these ragas have the same melodious theme in common. During this semester, the different musical styles that were discussed and analyzed showed various similarities and differences. These differences in certain musical elements explain the distinctive and unique character of each style of music. The culture behind the music of these countries adds even more to their individualism. Cultural aspects such as religion also play an important role in the music of each country. Music styles in Africa might be more upbeat than some styles in India, for example. Some cultures use music in religion, others do not. Aspects such as dancing are important factors in all three types of music. Despite their differences and similarities, without music these cultures might not be as fascinating and unique as they are today..