In 1791, Congress established the first Bank of the United States. The Bank was given the authority to meet the financial needs of the newly formed government. When the Bank's charter expired in 1811, the Democratic government refused to renew its charter. Therefore, the state bank had the responsibility of making loans and issuing currency while a large amount of silver was in circulation, with prices rising rapidly. Without a national bank, the economy suffered. As a result, the problem of financing the War of 1812 led to a revival of the Bank of the United States. In 1816, a second national bank was established. The National Bank was granted the power to control the repayment of the country's money. In 1819, in order to drive the bank out of the state, Maryland attempted to tax the bank. In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Court declares that the states do not have the right to intervene in federal institutions. It strengthens federal power and encourages the National Bank to