Many contributors have contributed to the fight against antisocial behavior and the prevention of crime, but the most influential contributors are Wilson and Kelling. They proposed the broken window theory which will be explained in more detail in this essay. This essay will describe the broken window theory and explain what is meant by broken window. Finally, he will give examples illustrating the broken window theory. (Maguire, Morgan, & Reiner, 2012) Wilson and Kelling argued that if behaviors such as graffiti, rowdy behavior, drunkenness, and vandalism are not addressed, stable neighborhoods can become transformed in dilapidated neighborhoods where there are fears of crime. They further argued that uncontrolled behavior, much like ownership, can lead to a breakdown of community control. This is because bad manners cause fear that leads to avoidance and relocation, which promotes informal social control that paves the way for more extreme types of violent behavior and crime. To stop the breakdown of community control, Wilson and Kelling proposed that any adverse acts be combatted immediately. Otherwise, it encourages individuals to push the limits and commit more serious crimes. They believed this was possible through incivility monitoring. (Maguire, Morgan, & Reiner, 2012) However, as some have argued, this theory emerged from social disorganization theory, which views the causes of crime as a matter of macro-level disadvantage. The macro-level disadvantages include: low socio-economic status, ethnic or racial heterogeneity, these are believed to drive crime because of the knock-on effect these factors have on the community network and schools. Therefore, if you are in the middle of paper, you feel safer when you are on the move. Finally, the fact that the British Prime Minister announced a zero-tolerance approach to crime that draws inspiration from that of the broken windows theory, in relation to the 2011 riots, means that this approach is someone effective.BibliographyMaguire, M., Morgan, R., and Reiner, R. (2012) The Oxford Handbook of Criminology. 5th ed. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Muncie, J. and Mclaughin, E. (1996) The Problem of Crime. 2nd ed. London: Sage Publication Ltd. Wilson, Q. and Kelling, L. 1982. Police and neighborhood safety: Broken window. Hennessy, Patrick. (2011) David Cameron: It's time for a zero-tolerance approach to street crime. The Telegraph [online] August 13. Available at://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/8700243/David-Cameron-on-UK-riots-its-time-for-a zero-tolerance-approach-to-street-crime. HTML