Before the industrial revolution, most of the population worked in agriculture, but this allowed people to go to cities and work in factories. A revolutionary innovation that allowed humans to be more interconnected was the perfection of the steam engine. Previously, the steam engine was not widely used, as it was not very efficient and expensive to produce. James Watt is the man who perfected the steam engine, it was originally used to pump water from deep workings. Factories had to be located near water, as the original steam engine required it as part of its design. James Watt modified this by allowing the steam engine to operate without being near a water source. This allowed factories to set up anywhere, meaning many jobs would be created, causing the majority of people to work in factories rather than agriculture. These new factory jobs caused mass migration paving the way for the urban age. Manchester, England, is a city that has experienced a population explosion. The Serval factories were built using the redesigned steam engine. The population of Manchester increased from twenty thousand to one hundred and sixty thousand in just a century. By today's standards this is small, but at the time this was a huge population growth, meaning large numbers of people would be