Madhya Pradesh is the second largest state of India and comprises fifty districts spread across eleven agro-climatic zones. Rural areas of Madhya Pradesh mainly depend on climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture, making them highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. In 2011, the state's total population was 72.6 million, of which 72.3% were rural. The rural population relies heavily on primary sectors like agriculture, horticulture, fisheries, livestock, poultry and forestry for their livelihoods. Due to climate change, these natural resource-based revenue sources are expected to be more affected than other sectors. Water is a critical resource in the state as several regions such as Bundelkhand face the twin challenges of low rainfall and high runoff rates. The state is drained by pluvial rivers and receives an average rainfall of 1,160 mm per year (MP Resource Atlas 2007, MPCST). Climatic data analyzed by IITM Pune indicates a declining trend in rainfall in the state of MP from 1901 to 2000. Water availability in the state has declined. Thus, the dependence on diminishing rainfall for replenishment of water resources makes the State very vulnerable to variations in the distribution and pattern of rainfall. This irregular pattern ultimately influences groundwater resources. Already, groundwater extraction is unsustainable (for reasons such as heavily subsidized electricity and diesel-based pump sets), increasing insecurities in future scenarios. Agriculture is essential to the state's economy, accounting for approximately 45% of the state domestic product (SDP). and more than 70% of the rural workforce. The state is classified into 11 agro-climatic zones and five cultivation zones...... middle of paper ......ty in climate by the end of the century. Average annual surface temperatures are expected to increase by 1 to 2°C, reaching 3°C and even 5°C by the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s respectively, particularly in the northern part of Bundelkhand. The projected increase in minimum temperature is greater than the increase in maximum temperature. In the near future, there may not be much change in seasonal monsoon rainfall; however, it could increase by 5-10% around the 2050s and up to 20% around the 2080s compared to the baseline. Precipitation in July is expected to decrease, but other months show increased precipitation by the end of the century. The number of cyclonic disturbances may decrease in the future but the systems could be more intense with an increase in associated precipitation of 10 to 15 mm. The number of rainy days could decrease, but they could be more intense in the future.