Organ transplantation is, without hesitation, one of the most important achievements of modern medicine. In many cases, it is the only effective treatment for end-stage organ failure and is widely practiced throughout the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 21,000 liver transplants, 66,000 kidney transplants, and 6,000 heart transplants were performed worldwide in 2005.1 Additionally, data showed that living donations of kidneys, livers and lungs decreased from 7,004 in 2004 to 6,219 in 2008, presenting a challenge for patients requiring organ transplantation1. According to the WHO; An estimated 46,000 people in Egypt need transplants, mostly liver and kidney transplants. Egypt's population of approximately 80,471,879 is made up of the following ethnic group: Eastern ethnic (Egyptians, Bedouins and Berbers) 99%, Greeks, Nubians, Armenians and other Europeans 1%. Religious groups include: Muslims 94%, Coptic Christians and others 6%. Healthy life expectancy is estimated at 57.8 years for men; and 60.2 for women and overall mortality rate per 1,000 inhabitants of 240 men and 157 women. 2In the United States and Europe, organs can be obtained from people who have agreed to become brain death donors. However, in Egypt, brain death criteria for organ transplantation are not accepted. Only organs acquired from living donors can be used for transplantation. There has been legal opposition to recognizing brain death as legal death and organs are not legally or routinely removed from brain dead patients, as is the case elsewhere. Family, doctors, religious scholars, patients and others have differing opinions on whether it is permissible to remove a body part from the dead, if it is a safe place ...... middle of paper ......3. Kuramitsu K, Egawa H, Keeffe EB et al. Impact of age over 60 on living donor liver transplantation [published corrected appears in Transplantation. 2007; 84(12):1712. Transplantation. 2007; 84(2):166-172.4. El-Meteini M, Fagé M, Abdalaal A et al. Liver transplantation linked to life in Egypt: an emerging program. Transplant procedure. 2003; 35(7):2783-2786.5. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Humanitarian News and Analysis: a project of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Egypt: Poverty drives poor Egyptians to sell their organs6. Legislation on organ transplantation: from trade to donation. Egyptian Personal Rights Initiative.7. The Protection Project, Mohamed Mattar, Egypt Establishment of a national committee to prevent human trafficking: an important step in combating a serious human rights violation