Introduction: “Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many essential roles in the body” (Genetics Home Reference, 2014, p. xx-xx). “They do most of the work in cells and are necessary for the structure, function, and regulation of tissues and organs in the body” (Genetics Home Reference, 2014, p. xx-xx). “Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to each other by long chains” (Genetics Home Reference, 2014, p. xx-xx). “There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to form a protein” (Genetics Home Reference, 2014, p. xx-xx). “The amino acid sequence determines the unique three-dimensional structure of each protein and its specific function” (Genetics Home Reference, 2014, p. xx-xx). “Proteins are complex molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (sometimes sulfur and phosphorus)” (TutorVista.com, 2014, p. xx-xx). There are four levels in protein structure: primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and finally quaternary structure. Each structure has a unique shape. “The main structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence” (Sadava, 2011, p. 44). “Amino acid monomers are joined together to form polypeptide chains” (Sadava, 2011, p. 45). The primary structure is composed of one of the strongest bonds, covalent bonds. The secondary structure, however, consists of weaker bonds, which are hydrogen bonds. The secondary structure can create two shapes. Either the alpha helix or the beta pleated sheets. “The (alpha) propeller is a right-handed coil that rotates in the same direction as a standard wood screw” (Sadava, 2011, p. 46). "The coiling results from the hydrogen bonds that form between the δ+ hydrogen of the NH of an amino...... middle of paper......the monomers took longer to descend into the gel, thus resting at the very top. bands, shown in Figure 2 and proven by Figure 1. ReferencesGenetics Home Reference (February 10, 2014). from http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/howgeneswork/proteinLife Science Core at UCLA, Martin, L., Chen, K., Johnson, L., Foley, R. and Murotake, R. (2005) . Analysis of Protein Size and Subunit Composition by SDS-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. Los Angeles, CA (2011). , Mass: Sinauer Associates.TutorVista.com (2014). Proteins, protein composition, protein classification | Tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-iv/animal-nutrition. /proteins.php#