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  • Essay / Proposition 1: Spinoza's proof of the existence of God

    In propositions 7 and 8, Spinoza confirms that this abstract idea of ​​primary substance must exist. If the One Substance cannot be created by anything external and we know that things exist, then this One Substance must exist. If we assume that substances can be finite and infinite, then the One Substance must be infinite because nothing else can limit it. This One Substance refers to "God", which is clearly stated in Proposition 11. The ultimate essence of God must contain all other attributes and can influence the modes of the material world. This Original Substance is infinite and everything that exists is in the domain of God.