Sovereign Otto controlled the church during his reign by making bishops and abbots princes and royal agents for him (425). The revival of the Church, however, began with the weakening of the German empire in the 11th century (425). During this period, the Church declared its independence from government control by embracing a reform movement, the Cluny Reform Movement (425). The reform implemented at the monastery of Cluny in France aimed to “liberate the Church from secular political influence and control” (425). The reformers were supported in their efforts by popular respect for the Church, which admired the clerics and monks (425). At that time, any man had the possibility of becoming pope; the Pope was supposed to be elected by the people and clergy of Rome (425). The Church also promised a better life to people whose current was relatively harsh (425). Reformers condemned the contemporary mixture of religions and secular institutions in the state as well as the submission of the clergy to royal authority (425). They taught that the Pope alone commanded the clergy and demanded separation...