Implementation Plan Concepts Worksheet There is clearly no project management structure at Harrison-Keyes. The project is plagued by inefficiencies and problems. Budgets are overrun, deadlines are missed, authors are dissatisfied, no clear anti-piracy strategy is in place, e-commerce hardware and software are not ready to meet demand, and bad publicity threatens to derail the entire project. Many businesses are struggling. by creating processes that allow them to organize projects while continuing to conduct daily operations (Gray and Lawson, 2005). Harrison-Keyes is no exception, as its e-publishing initiative comes as the company continues to try to stay afloat with its struggling print books. People, time and monetary resources are currently shared by both the project and normal transit operations without clear guidelines on project structure. Project management structures represent the main approaches to organizing projects (Gray and Lawson, 2005). “A good system appropriately balances the needs of the parent organization and the project by defining the interface between the project and the parent organization in terms of authority, resource allocation, and possible integration of project results. project into core operations” (Gray & Lawson, 2005, p. 55). Work Breakdown Structure “A good work breakdown structure (WBS) is part of the foundation of a good project” (Rose, 2006, p. 114). It is a structured approach to organizing the information necessary for successful planning, scheduling and controlling a project (Gray and Lawson, 2005). Harrison-Keyes demonstrated what the expected outcome of the project itself will be, while fundamentally omitting the necessary end results of each intermediate stage of the project. Work breakdown structures provide a framework for specifying objectives and ensure that the plan matches the project scope (Rose, 2006). By thinking about the project in its overall scope instead of dividing each component into a working structure, Hong Kong leaders must resolve many project challenges at the same time. Work breakdown structures are “a disciplined and structured method for selectively collecting information for use across all phases. of the project life cycle, to meet the needs of all stakeholders and to measure performance against the organization's strategic plan” (Gray and Lawson, 2005, p. 99). Organizational politics “Organizational politics can be defined as actions taken by individuals or groups of individuals to acquire, develop and use power and other resources to achieve desired results in the face of uncertainty or disagreement over choices” (University of Phoenix, 2007, para. 2). Meg P. McGill, CEO, used her political influence to convince the Hong Kong board and company management that digital publishing was an important strategy to pursue at this time..