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  • Essay / The History of Management - 1280

    IntroductionManagement in business is the coordination of people to achieve set goals effectively and efficiently. It includes planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling an organization. Management itself is also an academic discipline, a social science whose object of study is social organization in order to achieve a common goal. Since the dawn of civilization, the value of people working together has been identified as a powerful method of progress in all areas. areas. The need to organize people and resources was therefore obvious. The concept of “management” has developed over thousands of years and various management methods have also evolved in tandem. The historical progression of human civilization is largely due to the knowledge gained through the implementation of various management methods over time. As the Spanish-American philosopher George Santayana (1863 – 1952) theorized: “Progress, far from consisting of change, depends on retention. When the change is absolute, there remains no being to improve and no direction is traced for possible improvement: and when experience is not preserved, as among savages, childhood is perpetual. Those who cannot remember the past are doomed to repeat it. » The purpose of this report is to study management theory in the context of its evolution over time and its implementation in modern architectural practices. In order to analyze and discuss the topics in depth, the report has been divided into two sections: • Part A – The History of Management. • Part B – Management theory in architectural practices. A brief conclusion ends the discussion and references are presented in the last. page.Part A – The history of management....... middle of document ......approaches have emerged. In 1982, Peters and Waterman published a book titled “In Search of Excellence.” In the book, the authors identified 36 companies that demonstrated performance excellence and analyzed their results. After this analysis, they were able to identify eight “attributes of excellence”: Attributes of excellence. Available at: http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0073377015/582339/ghil77015_02.pdf A distinct approach that emerged simultaneously is the idea of ​​"total quality management" or TQM. This involves focusing on the overall quality of products and services. This shift in focus shifted the focus from finding and correcting errors to preventing them. TQM is a management philosophy that focuses on managing the entire organization so that it excels in all areas important to the customer..