Human African trypanosomiasis, more commonly known as African sleeping sickness, is a vector-borne biological parasite (“Trypanosomiasis, human african”, 2014). The transmissible infection is caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Trypanosoma. Transmission occurs to humans through tsetse fly bites. Tsetse flies become infected by feeding on blood containing trypomastigotes from infected humans or animals. The parasite will reproduce asexually in the fly's gut, evolving from a procyclic trypomastigote to an epimastigote. Eventually, they travel to the salivary glands of the tsetse fly where they transform into metacyclic trypomastigote, which is contagious to humans. Fly-to-human transmission occurs when an infected tsetse fly transmits metacyclic trypomastigotes contained in saliva into the bloodstream while feeding. These then become trypomastigotes and proliferate in the blood and other bodily fluids, leading to disease (Krafsur, 2008). In Africa, tsetse flies inhabit the greenery around rivers, ponds and lakes. Additionally, the disease posed an immediate health and economic problem throughout sub-Saharan Africa. There are two types of protozoan parasitic diseases that infect humans. East African sleeping sickness Trypanosoma rhodesiense is present in parts of East and Southeast Africa. More than 95% of human infections occur in Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi and Zambia. Animals constitute the main reservoir of infection. Cattle are monitored for spread of the disease to uninfected areas where new outbreaks appear. Wild animals are also believed to be responsible for scattered transmission to outdoorsmen and hunters visiting Africa's publicized game parks. The infection was discovered in the middle of the document .......World Health Organization in collaboration through a private partnership with Sanofi and Bayer AG in endemic countries (World Health Organization, 2014).Obtaining an early diagnosis of African sleeping sickness is essential given the natural and grim outcome of the disease and the toxicity of medications prescribed at each stage of treatment. A blood sample would be taken to determine if the parasite Trypanosoma rhodesiense is present due to the higher levels of parasitemia found in the blood. As for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, it is detected by aspiration of lymph nodes due to its absence in the blood. Once infection is confirmed, cerebrospinal fluid collection should be done to see if the central nervous system is compromised. This will indicate the stage of the disease and the drug treatment used ("CDCParasites - African," 2012).