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Essay / Urban Planning - 1051
In the 20th century, the world witnessed significant changes and an increase in the population of cities. Today, more than half of the world's people live in cities (Clarke, 1980), and most of the world's modern cities have a similar economic structure and social interests (Sassen, 2001). The observer of these cities will notice that the common characteristics are much more than differences (Clark, 1996). Many recent studies recognize this phenomenon. One of the important studies that examines and analyzes this phenomenon was carried out by Clark (1996). In his book "Urban World / Global City" he presents a comprehensive analytical overview of the world as a global city. He attributes this phenomenon to economic motivations. In the past, countries' local economies were largely independent. Today, these economies have merged and are uniting into the global economy. The global economy is controlled by a few Western countries where most of the technology and innovation occurs. The Western model is therefore predominant in cities, despite cultural, political and historical differences. What distinguishes the developed Western model presented by Clark is that changes in the physical environment and social pattern took longer, giving both the national government and the community the opportunity to experience the changes and d interact positively with new developments (Berry, cited in Clark, 1996). On the other hand, rapid growth in developing countries has had negative impacts on the city. Further research on changes in urban form and social pattern in developing countries has been carried out by Isswai (2001). He believes the new changes began in Middle Easter...... middle of paper ......). “The conflict between Sharia law, urban planning and land use planning in Saudi Arabia.” Journal of Property Research 5(3): 231-238.Clark, D. (2003). Urban world/global city, Routledge. Clarke, J. (1980). “Contemporary Urban Growth.” The Changing City of the Middle East: 34. Costa, F. and A. Noble (1986). “Planning of Arab cities”. Geographic Review 76(2): 160-172. Greenshields, TH (1980). “Neighborhoods and ethnicity”. Middle Eastern Cities: 120. Gulick, J. (1980). “Village and city: cultural continuities in twentieth-century Middle Eastern cultures.” Cities of the Middle East: 122. Isswai, C. (1980). “Economic Change and Urbanization in the Middle East.” Middle East Cities: 102. Sassen, S. (1996). Lose control? : Sovereignty in the Age of Globalization, Columbia Univ Pr. Sassen, S. (2001). The global city: New York, London, Tokyo, Princeton Univ Pr.