Qualitative research was designed as a way to be directly connected to the topics being studied. Participating researchers can choose to simply observe and collect data or be an active participant. Covert participation has the advantage of reducing the “reactive effects” of the social context or group (Bachman & Schutt, 2012). Most researchers who use the participatory research method will often find a balance between participation and observation. Through participation, an observer can gain the trust of research subjects, which can provide more successful results. However, some research may be unethical or a violation of the law. A good researcher must exercise caution beforehand when developing their research design. Systematic social observation (SSO) is a method of observational science that uses field research to accurately record, study, and better understand police work. SSO relies on the definition of fixed parameters and variables to enable a more standardized form of observation (Bachman & Schutt, 2012). In order to follow a systematic approach, observers, usually students, are pre-selected based on their ability to record information that is both trustworthy and reliable.