Coffee beans are not really produced in the United States and Europe because coffee plants require high and low altitudes, tropical and subtropical climates, frequent rain/ annuals, rich soil, specific temperatures and do not tolerate freezing temperatures. Coffee plants also need shade; Although bright sunshine and warm weather are necessary for harvesting, direct sunlight is harmful to plants and therefore requires some form of covering in order to retain soil moisture (). Brazil, however, uses sun-grown coffee and legumes which provide shade and enrich the soil with nitrogen. The ideal soil needed to grow these plants is one that is easy to work, has good subterranean drainage, has a slightly acidic pH and is fairly balanced in nitrogen, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and calcium. The terra-roxa volcanic soils of Brazil, which contain a lot of potash as well as organic matter, are the best(). These conditions are mainly found between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of