Useful medicines and healing products existed long before 0 BCE, but how effective were they? Before 0BCE, many medical procedures that we still use today began. The first known surgical procedure was performed around 2750 BCE. The Edwin Smith Papyrus was an ancient Egyptian medical text containing information containing the oldest known surgical treatise on trauma. The Edwin Smith papyrus is considered a copy of several earlier works and was written in 1600 BCE. Other papyri were written, such as the Kahun gynecological papyrus. The Kahun gynecological papyrus was known for treating women's complaints. The Kahun gynecological papyrus contained thirty-four cases detailing diagnosis and treatment. It is the oldest medical text written in 1800 BCE. The first known physician was Hesy-Ra. Hesy-Ra was appointed chief of dentists and physicians to King Djoser in the 27th century BCE. The first known female physician was Peseshet. Peseshet was titled “Lady Supervisor of Lady Doctors”. Peseshet was also a professor, training midwives at an ancient Egyptian medical school. Peseshet and Hesy-Ra practiced their studies in ancient Egypt. The oldest Babylonian texts date back to the 2nd millennium BCE. However, the most comprehensive text written by the Babylonians was the Diagnostic Manual, written by Esagil-kin-apli of Borsippa in 1069–1046 BCE. The Diagnostic Manual presented therapeutic and etiological methods. Diseases and other infectious diseases were treated with herbs, creams and dressings. The book was known for its diagnosis and prognosis. It is said to check what disease or infection a person has, including symptoms and logical rules to determine which infectious disease a person has. Most people see this time...... middle of paper...... 800 and now. People invented microscopes and other useful objects to advance in medical aid. Surgery was discovered before our era and is now used all over the world. Surgery not only helps broken or ruptured things, but only saves lives! Works Cited Wikipedia. “History of medicine”. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, November 11, 2013. Web. November 10, 2013. Wikipedia. “History of surgery”. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, January 11, 2013. Web. November 11, 2013. National Academy of Sciences. “The History of Medicine.” NCBI. US National Library of Medicine, 2006. Web. November 10, 2013. Gallagher, Patricia E. “Health Sciences History Web Resources.” Web resources on the history of health sciences. History of the MLA Health Sciences Section, nd Web. November 10, 2013. “History of medicine 1919 to 1939”. History of medicine 1919 to 1939. Np, nd Web. November 10. 2013.