Business ManagementThe business world has undergone radical and dramatic changes over the past decade, which present extraordinary challenges for the contemporary manager. A manager is a member of the organization responsible for planning, organizing, directing and controlling the activities of the organization so that objectives can be achieved. According to a widely referenced study by Henry Mintzberg, managers fulfill three primary roles: interpersonal, informational, and decision-making. Management is a process of administering and coordinating resources effectively and efficiently with the aim of achieving organizational objectives. The concept of management within an organization generally occurs within an organizational framework. Organizations compromise a group of individuals who work together toward common goals. The concept of management within an organization can also be seen as a context as well as a process. In the management process, there are four main functions: planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Managers at all levels of the organizational hierarchy must engage in planning. Planning involves setting goals and defining the actions needed to achieve those goals. During planning, the top-level manager establishes the overall goals and strategies of the organization. While other managers in the hierarchy develop operational plans for their work groups, they have the responsibility to help the organization. All managers must develop goals that support the overall strategy of the organization. Organizing involves determining what tasks will be done, who will do them, and how those tasks will be managed and coordinated. Managers in an organization must establish a work team so that appropriate information, resources, and tasks can flow properly and efficiently throughout an organization. Managers must be able to direct the members of their work groups toward achieving the organization's goals. Leading is defined as motivating and directing organizational members so that they contribute to the achievement of the organization's goals. For leaders and managers to be effective, they must understand the dynamics of individual and group behavior, be able to motivate their employees, and be effective communicators. It is said that a good ...... middle of paper ...... using task rotation; Job rotation involves assigning jobs to individuals in various positions once they have mastered their original job. Another way to help an organization or manager manage quality is to assign self-managed teams. A self-managed team is a group of employees who design their job responsibilities to achieve the team's self-determined goals and objectives. With these teams, the organization may be able to operate more smoothly and less pressure will be placed on the middle manager or front-line manager. Finally, another way to effectively control quality is to use total quality management (TQM). Total quality management is a systematic approach to improving products, services, processes and operational quality control. Quality is a very important thing in an organization; it is therefore not possible to substantially improve the quality of a product or service without major changes in all aspects of the organization. Because quality is so important, if changes are not made throughout the organization, the product outcome will not.