The basic principle behind trait theory was that leaders are born or made. Research on leader traits has examined the physical, social, and mental aspect of an individual. Typically, these studies simply look for significant associations between individual traits and the measure of leadership effectiveness. The initial result was that the leader trait was that there are no universal traits that systematically separate effective leaders from other individuals, but the final result explains that this early research took into account the impact of situational variables which could moderate the relationship between leader trait and leader effectiveness measure. . Therefore, due to the lack of consistent findings on individual traits and leadership effectiveness, studies on leader traits were largely abandoned by 1950. The contingency approach is also an important approach in the leader field , this approach was first to specify how the situational factor interacts with the leader's traits and behaviors. which influence the quality of a person's leadership and its effectiveness. According to the theory, the leader should make contact with subordinates to achieve their goals, reinforce subordinates' expectations that improved performance will result in valued rewards, and provide coaching to smooth the path to rewards for subordinates. Path and goal theory suggests that leader behavior in accomplishing these tasks depends on subordinate and environmental contingency factors. But this approach was not successful as it was criticized both theatrically and methodologically. However, it remains one of the best-known leadership theories and offers important contributions to accounts of the interaction between subordinates and others..